The Ancient Rome

Definitions

comitia curiata: assembly of patricians

questor: they handled the finances

aedilis curilis: resposible for public order, markets and festivals

Licinian-Sextian Law: the size of land rented from the common land is limited

princeps: the 1st citizen, he could vote first

principate: new political order when the institution of the republic were formally kept, but in fact tha political life was influenced, controlled, determined and supervised by the pribceps.

Pax Romana: it’s a defense line called ’limes’ (from the reign of Octavian till Marcus Aurelius)

dominate: the 2nd period of the Roman Empire, its form is absolute monarchy, the emperor was standing above the society, he is ’dominus and deus’, all the citizens became subjects, the administration is centred on the emperor, ceremonial became important, the emperor doesn’t care about the republican traditions

People

Tarquinius Superbus: last Roman king, he was chased away

Hamilcar: Chartagian general, built a new empire in Spain, his son is Hannibal

Hannibal: invasion on Rome, crossing the Alps, at first he succeed, but finally was defeated

Cornelius Scipio: Roman commander, captured New Chartage, he won near Zama (Africa)

Tiberius Gracchus: tribune in 133 BC, allocation of common lands

Gaius Gracchus: tribune in 123 BC, continued the land reform, he gave cheaper grain to the poor, equetrians as judges, planned to give citizenship to Latins

Gaius Marius: general, consul for a few days, menber of popular party, military reforms /full time professional army, proletarians in the army, military duty, veterans/

Livius Drusus: tribune in 91 BC, expanded Roman citizenship to the upper classes of the allied cities, his death led to a social war (90-89)

Lucius Cornelius Sulla: Roman general and statesman, enemy of Marius and his party, defeated mithridates, he appointed himself dictator, proscription-list, 300 members of the senate from the equestrians, no veto, violence, restored the old system of magistrates

Pompey Magnus: general, consul, statesman, put down the slave revolt of Spartacus, gave land to his veterans with the help of Caesar, member of 1st triumvirate, governor in Hipania, later hving contact with the senate, fought against Caesar, died in Egypt

Crassus: general, rich businessman, he helped to Pompey against slaves, member of 1st triumvirate, governor in Syria

Julius Caesar: questor, aedilis curilis, preator, governor in Gaul, Hispania, consul, dictator, tribune, pontifex, imperator, member od 1st triumvirate, he crossed River Rubicon, marched into Rome, he von -> became the only ruler of the empire, lover of Cleopatra in Egypt, decreased taxes, made a calendar with a leap-year, golden coinage, ber of senate is raised to 900, disregarded republican traditions, conspiracy against him and was murdered

Brutus and Cassius: murderers of Caesar

Lepidus: leader of the cavarly, (Africa is his part of the empire), he hed to resign, member of 2nd triumvirate

Mark Antony: lover of Cleopatra, husband of Octavian’s siter, Caesar’s commander, had conflict with Octavian, member of 2nd triumvirate (his part was East)

Octavian/Augustus: member of 2nd triumvirate, the crowd supported him, confirmation of Caesar’s laws, defeated the assasins of him, (his part was West), defeated Antony and Cleopatra, sole ruler of the empire, restored the old republic, state-administration was reformed, Praetorian Guard, 20 years military duty, supervised provinces, building programmes, no major wars, Pax Romana

Julio-Claudian Dynasty: Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, Nero

Flavian Dynasty: Vespasian, Titus, Domitian

Antonine Dynasty: Nerva, Tarja, Hadrian, Antonius Pius, Marcus Aurelius, Commodus

Septimius Severus: expanded the empire, disregarded the senate, abolished tax-farming

Caracalla: gave full Roman citizenship to all the free inhabitants if the provinces

Diolection: dominate, rule of 4, price and wage controlls, new fortifications, civilian and military command were split

Constantine the Great: absolute state, ’dominus and deus’, standing above the citizens, administration is centred on the emperor, supported by the army, legal christianity, new capital: Constantinople

Romulus Augustus: the last Roman emperor, he as deposed, exiled and killed

Famous Latin sentences

Vae victis! – The winner takes it all! ( it was said duing the territorial expansion of Rome)

Divide et impera! – Divide and rule! (Caesar said after crossing River Rubicon)

Alea iacta est! – The die is cast. (Caesar said after crossing River Rubicon)

Veni, vidi, vici! – I came, I saw, I won. (Caesar said after crossing River Rubicon)

Et tu, Brute? – And you also, Brutus? ( Caesar said before he died)